FoxChild@Learn
Paper 1 Catholic Christianity
June 2022
Q1.1: Which one of the following best describes the Catholic belief in natural law?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A People can break the laws. B Everyone is born knowing right from wrong. C People should protect nature. D Everyone should do what feels natural to them.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: B Everyone is born knowing right from wrong.
Q1.2: Give two Catholic teachings about the relationship between science and religion.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority considered for marking. Science and religion need to be mutually supportive / scientists should use God-given talents to help people understand creation / science and religion may ask different questions / science explains how and religion why / if science is conducted ethically it will not conflict with faith (Gaudium et Spes 36) / both science and religion are God-given / religious viewpoints should not be disregarded by science / all religious believers hear God’s ‘revealing voice in the discourse of creatures’ (Gaudium et Spes 36) / there is harmony between science and religion, etc.
Q1.3: Explain two contrasting ways in which Christians may carry out their
duty of stewardship.
Answer:
similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs If similar ways are given, only one of them may be credited up to two marks. Contrast may mean opposing or mean different views. They may respect God’s creation / respect other people / accept that creation is good / care for the earth / protect the earth for future generations / not misuse natural resources / protect the sanctity of life / join conservation groups / protest against misuse of the planet / campaign to change environmental policy / support sustainability / support environmental charities / recycle / cut down use of the car / cut down on flights / prayer, etc. Accept any practical ways in which Christians might show stewardship, but only two different ways should be chosen and explained. Contrasts could be drawn between attitudes (eg respect) and behaviour (eg recycling) or between different behaviours (eg protest and recycle) or between global and local responses..
Q1.4: Explain two Catholic beliefs about God shown in Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam.
Refer to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching – 1 mark God is the creator of human life (the universe / the world, etc) / God made (Adam) humans perfect / God created everything ‘very good’ / God is omnipotent / humans (Adam) depend on God for everything / humans are made in the image of God (imago dei) / God is pictured as powerful / God is pictured as ancient, therefore eternal / God desires a close relationship with humans (Adam) / God reaches out to Adam to give him life / God is transcendent / transcendence is shown by God being carried by angels / Adam is on the ground so lower in status to God / God’s majesty and greatness are shown / nothing comes into being without God / humans are unique in God’s
Sources of authority:
‘So God created humankind in his image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.’ (Genesis 1: 27) ‘God saw everything that he had made, and indeed, it was very good.’ (Genesis 1: 31) ‘I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.’ (Nicene Creed) Accept all other sources of authority that correctly support the beliefs given.
Q1.5: ‘It is impossible to believe that humans are made in the image of God.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • refer to Christian teaching • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Extra space
Q2 Incarnation
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [Plus SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support:
Humans are not like God / humans die, God is eternal / humans sin, God is perfect / humans are not omnipotent / transcendent like God / God is far beyond human understanding / God is all-loving / people hurt each other / humans are not all-knowing, like God / humans are selfish, God redeems humans out of love for them / atheists do not believe in God, so humans are not made in God’s image / scientific beliefs do not support creation in the image of God, etc.
Arguments in support of other views:
The belief that humans are made in God’s image is in the Bible (Genesis 1:26) / in Paul’s letters / it is a belief that has been held by the Christian Church from its beginnings / ‘Made in God’s image’ does not mean humans are equal to God / it means that all humans are holy / should be respected (sanctity of life) / the laws of the land support this idea by protecting human life and dignity / in the creation God breathes life into a human, so Christians believe humans share God’s Spirit (breath) / God gave humans responsibility for creation, so humans are acting as God’s stewards / humans share some of God’s qualities, eg love / compassion / mercy / a desire for truth / justice / humans were given dominion over creation so act in a God-like capacity over nature / human intelligence is superior to that of the animals, showing a likeness to God / the doctrine of Natural Law suggests people are born instinctively to know right from wrong because they are created in God’s image / while it is true that humans do not always act as though they are made in God’s image, they should live up to that ideal, etc.
Q2.1: Which one of the following symbols was used by persecuted Christians to show other
believers that they were Christians?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A Alpha B Chi-Rho C Ichthus D Omega
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: C Ichthus
Q2.2: Name two of the seven sacraments.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority considered for marking. Baptism (christening) / Confirmation / Eucharist (Holy Communion) / Marriage (Matrimony) / Ordination (Holy Orders) / Reconciliation (Confession or Penance) / Sacrament of the sick (Extreme Unction / last rites).
Q2.3: Explain two contrasting ways in which Jesus described himself.
Answer:
similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs If similar ways are given, only one of them may be credited up to two marks. Contrast may mean opposing or mean different views. Jesus described himself as ‘Son of Man’ / particularly when referring to his suffering / eg ‘Then he began to teach them that the Son of Man must undergo great suffering…’ (Mark 8:31) / sometimes he meant just ‘a man’ / eg ‘The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into human hands’ (Luke 9:44) / other times he may have meant he had special authority from God / eg when speaking to the paralysed man: ‘But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins…’ (Luke 5:24) / …‘so the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath…’ (Mark 2:28), etc. Jesus described himself as ‘Son of God’ at his trial before the Sanhedrin / when he was asked if he was ‘the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One’ (Mark 14: 61) / he replied ‘I am’, the phrase God used to reveal himself to Moses (Exodus 3:14) / he continued, ‘you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power, and coming with the clouds of heaven.’ (Mark 14: 62) / in this case Jesus was using both titles interchangeably, etc. Accept other ways in which Jesus referred to himself, eg doctor / servant / the Bread of Life / the Light of the World / the Door / the Good Shepherd / the Resurrection and the Life / the Way, the Truth and the Life / the True Vine / the Messiah (Christ) / King NB Do not accept ‘Word of God’. Jesus did not describe himself in that way, others did.
Q2.4: Explain two Catholic teachings about the Incarnation.
Refer to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching – 1 mark God is revealed in Jesus / Jesus shows the innermost being of God / God speaks through Jesus / Jesus defeats sin / brings salvation to all people / Jesus is sent as a man to be among his people / Jesus enlightens all people / Jesus is the Word of God made flesh (eg John 1:1-4, 14) / Jesus completes the work of salvation / to see Jesus is to see his Father, God / Jesus frees people from darkness of sin and death / raises people up to life eternal / Jesus is fully God and fully human, etc.
Sources of authority:
A main source will be Dei Verbum 4 which incorporates Biblical references: ‘….Then, after speaking in many and varied ways through the prophets, ‘now at last in these days God has spoken to us in His Son' (Hebrews 1:1-2). For He sent His Son, the eternal Word, who enlightens all men, so that He might dwell among men, and tell them of the innermost being of God (see John 1:1-18). Jesus Christ, therefore, the Word made flesh, was sent as ‘a man to men’. He ‘speaks the words of God’ (John 3:34), and completes the work of salvation which His Father gave Him to do (see John 5:36; John 17:4). To see Jesus is to see His Father (John 14:9)… Moreover He confirmed…that God is with us to free us from the darkness of sin and death, and to raise us up to life eternal.’ Dei Verbum 4 Accept reference to the Creed: ‘…Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God / born of the Father before all ages / true God from true God / begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father / came down from heaven / by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary and became man…’, etc. ‘The Son himself is the Word, the Logos: the eternal word became small- small enough to fit into a manger…In his perfect humanity (Jesus) does the will of the Father at all times… Jesus thus shows that he is the divine Logos which is given to us, but at the same time the new Adam, the true man, who unfailingly does not his own will but that of the Father…’ Verbum Domini 12 Accept all other sources of authority that correctly support the teachings given.
Q2.5: ‘The best way of living a Christian life is to follow the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:1–12).’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • refer to Christian teaching • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Extra space
Q3 The Triune God, mission and prayer
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [Plus SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support:
The Beatitudes describe a change of attitude necessary to living a Christian life / in the Sermon on the Mount Jesus said he came not to abolish the law but to fulfil it / Jesus gave a deeper understanding of how to love God, not just by following the commandments, but through a change of attitude which affects behaviour / the Beatitudes describe the qualities Christians need to develop / eg being ‘poor in spirit’ / ‘meek’ / desiring righteousness / being ‘merciful’ / ‘pure in heart’ / ‘peacemakers’ / being ‘persecuted for righteousness’ sake’ / he said those who mourn will be comforted / he said those who were persecuted for believing in him will be rewarded in heaven / these qualities ensure Christians will love God and neighbour better than merely following rules and
Arguments in support of other views:
There are other (better) ways of living a Christian life / eg receiving the sacraments / attending Mass / praying / helping others / donating to charity / following Church teachings / going on pilgrimage / following the 10 Commandments / giving one’s life to God in the religious life / priesthood, etc / the qualities described by the Beatitudes are too difficult for some people / not all the Beatitudes are relevant to people in Britain today / eg being persecuted for righteousness’ sake / being persecuted for following Jesus is not as common in modern Britain as it was at the time of Jesus / being ‘poor in spirit ‘ or ‘meek’ are not qualities needed to survive in the business world / the Beatitudes provide an ideal but not all can be carried out, etc. Q3 The Triune God, mission and prayer
Q3.1: Which one of the following is a Mass setting (a part of the Mass that should be sung
rather than said)?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A The Alleluia B The Communion C The Gospel D The Offertory
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: A The Alleluia
Q3.2: Give two Catholic teachings about the Trinity.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority considered for marking. There are three Persons in one God / Father, Son and Holy Spirit / God is relational (exists as a community of Persons) / The Persons have distinctive qualities, eg God the Father, source of all life / God the Son, Jesus / God the Holy Spirit, the outpouring of love between Father and Son, etc. The early Councils’ teachings rejected the Arian heresy that only God the Father was eternal / at Nicaea it was taught that the Son is eternally begotten from the Father / the Son has no beginning or end but is eternal / the Father and Son have always existed together / Father and Son are co-eternal / co-equal / of one nature, etc. / at Constantinople it was taught that Jesus was fully human (as well as fully God) / that the Holy Spirit was the Third Person of the Trinity / that the Holy Spirit is the Lord, Giver of Life / proceeds from the Father / he with the Father and Son is worshipped and glorified / he spoke through the prophets, etc. Accept any statements concerning the Trinity from the Nicene Creed, Mark 1: 9–11, Galatians 4: 6–7.
Q3.3: Explain two ways in which spending time in prayer influences the lives of Christians.
Answer:
influence on individuals, communities and societies To be a ‘detailed explanation’, the ‘influence’ of the way must be included. Spending time in prayer allows Christians to ‘raise their heart and mind to God’ / develop a personal relationship with God / become open to God’s presence / helps deepen their knowledge of God / strengthen their faith / helps them overcome sin / helps them join their prayers to the prayer of the Church / allows Christians to feel at peace / spend time away from daily concerns / comforts Christians who are suffering / allows Christians to ask for help from God / praise God / thank God for blessings / ask for help for others / prayer assists in meditation, eg on the life of Jesus / prayer helps Christians have a conversation with God about problems, etc.
Q3.4: Explain two ways in which the baptism of Jesus helps Christians to understand
the Trinity. Refer to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching – 1 mark Father, Son and Spirit were present at Jesus’ baptism / when Jesus was baptised the Holy Spirit descended upon him like a dove / the Spirit remains with Jesus showing the intimate relationship between the Son and the Spirit / the voice from heaven was the Father’s / the Father said Jesus was his beloved Son / the Father was pleased with Jesus, his Son / this shows the Son and the Father are one / since Jesus’ baptism began his ministry, it showed the work of Jesus was God’s work / the heavens being torn apart or opened is a sign of the presence of the Father, etc.
Sources of authority:
‘In those days Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptised by John in the Jordan. And just as he was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens torn apart and the Spirit descending like a dove on him. And a voice came from heaven, “You are my Son, the Beloved; with you I am well pleased.”’ (Mark 1:9-11) ‘And when Jesus had been baptised, just as he came up from the water, suddenly the heavens were opened to him and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting on him. And a voice from heaven said, “This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased.”’ (Matthew 3:16-17) ‘Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heaven was opened, and the Holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, “You are my Son, the Beloved; with you I am well pleased.”’ (Luke 3:21-22) Accept all other sources of authority that correctly support the teachings given.
Q3.5: ‘Christians should use contemporary worship songs rather than traditional hymns in
worship.’ Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • refer to Christian teaching • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Extra space
Q4 Redemption
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [Plus SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support:
Contemporary worship songs are more appealing to modern congregations / the music is more up to date / the words are easier to understand / the lyrics are in English rather than, eg Latin / it is easier for the people to join in with the singing if the songs are accessible / musical instruments used for contemporary worship songs are more suited to modern tastes / eg guitars / drums, etc / God should be worshipped in a way that reflects people’s feelings and thoughts / contemporary songs do this better than traditional hymns because they have been written more recently / Gregorian chant is difficult to sing if people are not familiar with it / not everyone can read music / traditional hymns may contain old-fashioned ideas / sexist language / are no longer relevant today, etc.
Arguments in support of other views:
Traditional hymns have been used by generations of believers / they maintain the traditions and customs of Catholics / their ability to inspire is not limited to one time / they are often accompanied by the organ / organ music is more awe-inspiring than that of a guitar / traditional hymns may have been composed by well-respected classical musicians / they may appeal to older generations / they have passed the test of time / some hymns use Latin, a universal language / therefore people from any country can understand them / they are awe-inspiring / can move people deeply / many churches try to use both traditional hymns and contemporary worship songs to appeal to different tastes in music / some contemporary songs may seem disrespectful if too upbeat / ‘Where words are not enough to praise God, music comes to our aid… Music in a worship service should make prayer more beautiful and more fervent, move more deeply the hearts of all in attendance and bring them closer to God, and prepare for God a feast of melody.’ (Youcat 183) / psalms contain direct words from the Bible / psalms help people to learn Bible teachings / hymns were written specifically to praise God / plainchant helped people to learn the Latin words when not everyone could read, etc.
Q4.1: Which one of the following did not take place when Jesus was crucified?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A The sky turned dark. B The veil in the Temple was torn in two. C Elijah came down from heaven. D Jesus forgave the people who crucified him.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: C Elijah came down from heaven.
Q4.2: Give two ways in which the decoration inside a Catholic church can help people
to worship.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority considered for marking. Ornate decoration can help people reflect on the glory of God / that nothing is too good for God / simple decoration can help people concentrate fully on God / not be distracted by decoration / statues of saints inspire people / people may pray to particular saints for their needs / statues encourage people to praise God like the saints did / Stations of the Cross help Christians reflect on Jesus’ suffering and death / stained glass windows can inspire reflection on Biblical stories / their beauty encourages prayer and praise, etc. / Accept reference to other parts of the interior of a Catholic church that assist worship, eg the position of the altar as a focus for the story of redemption / lectern from where the word of God is heard / tabernacle where the Blessed Sacrament is reserved (sanctuary lamp / candles / holy water fonts) which call to mind the presence of God, etc.
Q4.3: Explain two ways in which the story of redemption (how Jesus saved humanity)
influences how Catholics understand the Mass.
Answer:
influence on individuals, communities and societies To be a ‘detailed explanation’, the ‘influence’ of the way must be included. The story of redemption (how Jesus saved humanity) is re-enacted in the Mass / Jesus freed humans from their sin by his death and resurrection / the Mass celebrates his sacrifice / the Penitential rite in the Mass shows the belief that God has redeemed them from sin / the readings remind Catholics of God’s saving actions throughout history / the offertory allows people to offer themselves (and bread and wine) to God in thanksgiving for redemption / the Eucharistic Prayer repeats the words Jesus spoke at the Last Supper / ‘Take this all of you and eat it. This is my body… / This is the blood of the new and everlasting covenant which will be poured out for you and for all people so that sins may be forgiven. / Do this in memory of me.’ / Catholics follow Jesus’ command by attending Mass / in Communion believers receive the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ / the Mass, like the Passover meal at the Last Supper, celebrates the freedom of believers from their slavery to sin / believers are sent out at the end of Mass to share the presence of Christ with others / are strengthened to live a Christian life through participation in the Mass, etc.
Q4.4: Explain two reasons why the Mass is called the ‘source and summit’ of Christian life.
Refer to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to scripture or another source of Christian belief and teaching – 1 mark The Mass is the source of Christian life because without receiving the Eucharist, Christians cannot live the full life that Christ wants / Communion gives life to the soul just as food gives life to the body, Offering Mass on Sunday is the perfect way to ‘keep holy the Sabbath’ / by attending Mass, Christians celebrate the resurrection every Sunday, etc. The Mass is the summit of Christian life because Christ’s offering of himself on the cross is the highest form of prayer to God / other acts of prayer merely join in with Christ’s prayer / the Mass re- enacts Jesus’ sacrifice, so is the highest form of prayer, etc. All prayers offered by Christians are inspired by the Spirit that flowed from the crucified Christ / all acts of love are reflections of Christ’s total love for the Father that was shown in his death / Christians offer themselves and Christ to God at the Mass, etc. The Mass is the summit of Christian life as it is where the Christian community comes together in prayer / as an expression of their unity, etc.
Sources of authority:
The Mass was described as the ‘source and summit’ (‘fount and apex’) of Christian life in Lumen ‘Taking part in the Eucharistic sacrifice, which is the fount and apex of the whole Christian life, they offer the Divine Victim to God, and offer themselves along with It. Thus both by reason of the offering and through Holy Communion all take part in this liturgical service, not indeed, all in the same way but each in that way which is proper to himself. Strengthened in Holy Communion by the Body of Christ, they then manifest in a concrete way that unity of the people of God...’ The Catechism: 1324 The Eucharist is "the source and summit of the Christian life."136 "The other sacraments, and indeed all ecclesiastical ministries and works of the apostolate, are bound up with the Eucharist and are oriented toward it. For in the blessed Eucharist is contained the whole spiritual good of the Church, namely Christ himself, our Pasch."137 "The Eucharist is the efficacious sign and sublime cause of that communion in the divine life and that unity of the People of God by which the Church is kept in being. It is the culmination both of God's action sanctifying the world in Christ and of the worship men offer to Christ and through him to the Father in the Holy Spirit."138 Finally, by the Eucharistic celebration we already unite ourselves with the heavenly liturgy and anticipate eternal life, when God will be all in all.139 In brief, the Eucharist is the sum and summary of our faith: "Our way of thinking is attuned to the Eucharist, and the Eucharist in turn confirms our way of thinking."140 Accept reference to the Words of Institution (‘This is my body…This is my blood…’) / ‘Keep holy the Sabbath’ / ‘Do this in remembrance of me’, etc. Accept all other sources of authority that correctly support the beliefs given.
Q4.5: ‘The only guidance Catholics need is their conscience.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • refer to Christian teaching • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Extra space
Question . number .
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226G8063/1
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [Plus SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support:
The conscience is the voice of God / God (Holy Spirit) guides people to make the right choices / blocking out what the conscience says leads to sin / people feel guilty when they ignore their conscience / by listening to their conscience people can understand God’s will / Catholics believe in natural law (that everyone is born with the ability to distinguish between right and wrong through their reason) / their conscience tells them to ‘love good and avoid evil’ / ‘Conscience is the inner voice in a man that moves him to do good under any circumstance and to avoid evil by all means.’ (Youcat 295) / ‘At the same time it is the ability to distinguish one from the other.’ (Youcat 295) / conscience is the final moral arbiter, etc.
Arguments in support of other views:
However, conscience must be educated / the Ten Commandments / two great Commandments of Jesus help the conscience / the teachings of the Church are infallibly guided by the Holy Spirit so should also be listened to / although people should follow their conscience, it should not go against Church teaching / ‘Personal conscience and reason should not be set in opposition to the moral law or the Magisterium of the Church.’ (Catechism of the Catholic Church 2039), / the guidance of parents is also important / conscience can be wrong / it is not infallible / Christians need more than just their conscience to live a good Christian life / sometimes people are faced with difficult moral decisions so need more guidance than their conscience (eg doctors, laws of the country, government guidelines, NHS guidelines), etc.