FoxChild@Learn
componentCode:
November 2021
Q1.1: Which one of the following is the belief that God allows people to make decisions for
themselves?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. A Charity B Free will C Mitzvot D Shekhinah
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Answer: B: Free will
Q1.2: Give two of the Ten Commandments.
Q2 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. considered for marking. You shall have no other gods before me / You shall not make for yourself an idol ... shall not bow down to them or worship them ... / You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God (swear falsely by the name of the Lord your God) ... / Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy ... / Honour your father and your mother ... / You shall not murder (kill) / You shall not commit adultery / You shall not steal / You shall not give false testimony (bear false witness) against your neighbour / You shall not covet your neighbour's wife / You shall not covet your neighbour's goods. NB Allow ‘You shall not covet’ for one mark.
Q1.3: Explain two ways in which belief in the future Messiah influences Jews today.
Answer:
influence on individuals, communities and societies. To be a ‘detailed explanation’ the ‘influence’ of the way must be included. • Messiah means ‘anointed one’ and was first used to refer to the high priests and kings of Israel / influences Jews to believe that the Messiah will be special and close to God. • The Messiah will rule the Jews during the future Messianic age that the Messiah will bring about / influences Jews to look forward to the coming of the Messiah as it will be a time of greatness when the dead will be resurrected and live in peace and harmony in a restored Israel. • Orthodox Jews believe that in every generation there is a potential Messiah descended from King David who if Jews are worth redemption will be directed by God to be the redeemer / influences Jews to aim towards being worthy of redemption as individuals and collectively by obeying the Torah, repenting and living as God requires / some may move to Israel to live, work and study in preparation for the coming of the Messiah. • Many Reform Jews believe in the Messianic age but not through any one person / the Messianic age will come through people's collective actions including observance of religious obligations so this is what they are influenced to achieve. • Belief in a future Messiah provides hope and comfort to those who suffer / influences Jews to keep their faith in times of hardship no matter how great eg the Holocaust / on their way to the death chambers some Jews chanted ‘I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah’
Q1.4: Explain two ways in which Jews understand the belief that God is One.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Jewish belief and teaching in your answer.
Q3 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Jewish belief and teaching – 1 mark • Judaism is a monotheistic faith / only one God exists / God is the sole Creator / and has had a major effect and influence on the world he created throughout time and beyond. • One God is the source of all Jewish morality beliefs and values / he cares for his people and expects loyalty and obedience to the laws he gave mankind / only he will judge how people follow • One God is ever present in people’s lives / every sight, sound and experience is regarded as a meeting with the one God. • The Oneness of God is best summed up in the Shema - an important prayer derived from the books of Numbers and Deuteronomy / ‘Hear O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone (is One). You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your • God is a single, whole indivisible entity who cannot be divided - infinite and eternal, beyond human understanding and worthy of praise, etc.
Sources of authority might include:
The Shema: ‘Hear O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone (is One). You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.’ (Deuteronomy 6:4-5). ‘When God began to create heaven and earth’ (Genesis 1:1). ‘from the rising of the sun to its setting, people may know there is none besides me. I am the Lord and there is no other.’ (Isaiah 45:6) ‘You shall have no other gods besides me’ (Exodus 20:3). ‘Be careful or you will be enticed to turn away and worship other gods and bow down to them. Then the Lord's anger will burn against you...’ (Deuteronomy 11:16-17). ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord showed me...’ (Amos 7:1). ‘for you are great, and your works are wonderful; you alone are God.’ (Psalm 86:10) ‘I am the Lord and there is no other; apart from me there is no God’ (Isaiah 45:5). References to relevant stories eg the Call of Abraham / Moses and the Burning Bush, attributed to the Bible or Torah as the source, are creditable, etc.
Q1.5: ‘The moral principle of justice teaches Jews all they need to know about the way they
should live.’ Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Jewish teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Q4 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16
Q5 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16 Extra space
Q6 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16 Q2 Judaism: Practices
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information. evidence and arguments must be credited.
Arguments in support
The moral principles as outlined in the specification are justice (tzedakah), healing the world (tikkun olam), charity and kindness to others (chesed). • When taken together, the moral principles cover important aspects of behaviour that would produce a better society / that lives by God's wishes / and that follows his teachings / justice plays a large part in this. • Justice brings about what is right and fair which is essential in society / nothing in society is more important than this. • The Law and Prophets emphasise the importance of justice / justice should be merciful. • Justice should not be ignored as injustices bring suffering / if there is no suffering, other moral principles are not necessary. • Justice comes from obeying the Torah laws. • Using wealth gifted to them by God charitably by helping the poor brings justice. • ‘Let justice well up like a river’ (Amos 5:24) / ‘do justice...love goodness’ (Micah 6:8) / ‘Turn from evil and do good; seek peace and pursue it’ (Psalm 34:14), etc.
Arguments in support of other views
Reference to other principles, eg Pikuach Nefesh and sanctity of human life, should be considered as evidence towards an alternative point of view and must be credited as such, even if presented as one of the moral principles. • Healing the world is an action that draws people closer to God / the world can be healed by adopting right thought and actions to others / motivates Jews into acting to increase social justice / causing people to suffer fewer injustices / and protect the environment / brings the Messianic age closer / prayers are offered daily for the harmony of nations and uniting of people / encourages Jews to present themselves as a good example of trying to change the world for the better by following the mitzvot / keeping Shabbat provides a day of renewal to help to bring about a better world. • Being kind to others is required in the Torah and following the Torah results in greater kindness / kindness should not just be shown to Jews but to every living thing / God shows loving kindness to all his people so his example should be followed / prophet Micah said showing loving kindness is better than just doing it / focus is unrestricted but mainly on personal service, personal attitudes and efforts from the heart / ‘Love your fellow as yourself’ (Leviticus 19:18) / ‘The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt’ (Leviticus 19:34), etc. • Although the moral principles are very important, other moral teachings should be put alongside • Pikuach nefesh and the sanctity of life show how important life itself is and how it must be preserved and protected. • The Ten Commandments and the mitzvot are the basis of Jewish moral teaching including the moral principles / come from God so must be of crucial importance / they cover all aspects of life and if observed, they ensure Jews live as God requires them to. • Religious observance goes alongside the moral principles as they support each other / observing festivals and taking part in worship shows their love for God in a different way from how the moral • All aspects of Jewish life, both moral and religious are important and they all show the best way to live if taken together. • Missing out some aspects of being Jewish by only focusing on certain principles gives an incomplete picture of the way a Jew should live. • The Shema puts the love of God before the love of your neighbour although this does not necessarily show that it is more important, etc. Q2 Judaism: Practices
Q2.1: Which one of the following is the ever burning light in a synagogue?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. A Aron Hakodesh B Bimah C Ner Tamid D Talmud
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Answer: C: Ner Tamid
Q2.2: Give two items of food which are placed on a Seder plate on the first evening of
Pesach.
Question 2 continues on the next page
Q7 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. considered for marking. Green vegetable, parsley (karpas) / bitter herbs, horseradish (maror) / second bitter herb, lettuce (maror) / paste of apples / walnuts / wine (charoset) / roasted egg (baytza) / lamb shankbone Accept salt water.
Q2.3: Explain two contrasting Jewish mourning rituals practised when someone has died.
Answer:
similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs. If similar rituals are given, only one of them may be credited up to 2 marks max. It is possible that the contrast will be focused on the set periods for mourning determined by time • When Jews first hear of the death, parents will make a small tear in the clothes over their heart, other close relatives on the right side of their chest / a blessing is said (‘Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the Universe, the True Judge’). • The first part of mourning (Aninut) is most intense / close family grieve / do not have to follow certain religious rules / ensure someone stays with the body until burial / recite psalms constantly / cannot cut their hair / cannot wash their clothes / cannot bathe / no sexual relations / cannot wear tefillin / lasts until burial takes place. • Once the burial has taken place, a meal of condolence (bread and eggs - new life) is prepared by a close friend or relative. • Shiva (7 days of intense mourning) starts after the burial / mourners stay at home / sit on low stools / wear no leather shoes, do not shave or cut their hair / cover their mirrors / no make-up / do not work / pray three times a day at home with minyan of ten friends or relatives / the kaddish • Lesser period of mourning (Sheloshim) follows shiva and lasts until 30 days after death / life returns to normal but no music, parties, shaving or haircut / male mourners say the kaddish daily in the synagogue. • Final period of mourning (Avelut) lasts for 11 months after the lesser period / mourners do not attend parties / children say the kaddish if it is their parent who has died. • Some have a ceremony of unveiling the headstone of the grave once mourning has ended / visitors may place a small stone on the headstone / sons mark the anniversary of a parent's death by saying the kaddish and possibly making a Torah blessing. • Differences between ways Orthodox and Reform Jews mourn eg some Reform Jews may sit shiva for 3 days rather than 7 / rather than tear their clothes, a Reform rabbi may give torn black ribbons to the mourners to pin on their clothing, etc.
Q2.4: Explain two religious activities that take place during the festival of Yom Kippur.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Jewish belief and teaching in your answer.
Q8 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Jewish belief and teaching – 1 mark Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement. • Observe day (25 hours) of fasting as a way of ‘afflicting the soul’ (Numbers 29:7) / wear white as a sign of purity / remain cheerful throughout the day to mark them having reached this time when the Book of Life (Judgement) closes / repent any sins that are unrepented before the Book of Life (Judgement) is sealed by God / realising that God can release all sins / showing thanks that God is loving and merciful / remembering the ancient custom of putting the people’s sins on a goat and driving it into the wilderness / Kaparot ritual. • Main focus is confession, repentance and reparation so many Jews spend the whole day focused • Before Yom Kippur begins, a lavish meal is shared / to strengthen Jews before their fast / to make the fast more difficult as a spiritual discipline. • Yom Kippur starts with the Kol Nidre service / Kol Nidre prayer is chanted (sung) 3 times / asks God to release them from pledges they have made to God that they have not been able to keep. • No work is done / bathing, wearing leather shoes and sexual intercourse are forbidden. • Attend synagogue where the theme is confession and repentence / doors of the Ark remain open requiring people to stand / focus on the book of Jonah which shows God to be for all nations and that people can abandon evil ways, return to good ways, accept responsibility and return to God / the community makes a general confession of sins / Yizkor memorial prayers may be said / blast on the shofar shows the end of the festival and the fast, etc.
Sources of authority might include:
‘You shall practise self denial; and you shall do no manner of work ... For on this day, atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you of all your sins; you shall be clean before the Lord. It shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you should practise self-denial’ (Leviticus 16:29-31). ‘You must deny yourself and do no work’ (Numbers 29:7). ‘Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red as crimson, they shall be like wool.’ (Isaiah 1:18). Accredited references to the Book of Jonah where the story of Jonah is told, etc.
Q2.5: ‘The synagogue is the centre of the Jewish faith.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Jewish teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
Q9 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16
10 IB/M/Jun21/8062/16 Extra space
Question . number .
Question . number .
Question . number .
Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk. and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2021AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
216G8062/16
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information. evidence and arguments must be credited.
Arguments in support
• The synagogue is a place for Jews to worship, meet others in their faith community and to study. • The synagogue contains the ark where the scrolls of the Torah are kept / ‘He brought the ark inside the tabernacle. Then he put up the curtain for screening, and screened off the Ark of the Pact - just as the Lord had commanded Moses.’ (Exodus 40:21) / these scrolls assist in the learning of the faith. • Some prayers can only be said in the presence of a minyan (10 adults / men) which is easier to have in a synagogue / other prayers are thought to be better prayed together in a group of Jews / synagogue is often referred to as a ‘House of Prayer’ (Beit T'filah). • Shabbat services take place weekly in a synagogue / ‘Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy’ (Exodus 20:8) / daily services are provided if there is a minyan to allow them to happen / the amidah prayer forms the core of all Jewish prayer services. • Synagogues provide a strong focus on the Jewish faith / are ‘decorated’ incorporating Jewish themes, symbols and passages from scripture to provide inspiration. • Study related to the Jewish faith takes place in the synagogue / Jewish texts are freely available in a synagogue / there is a rabbi together with many other learned Jews to provide assistance in learning / classes are run for children and adults who want to further their knowledge and understanding of the faith or to learn Hebrew / helps Jews to learn about and prepare for ‘faith rituals’ such as Brit Milah, Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah, marriage. • Synagogues provide social spaces for Jews to meet other members of their faith in a ‘social hall’ / many provide facilities for social interaction between young Jewish people / charitable works, required in the Jewish faith, are centred on the synagogue / money may be collected in the synagogue and distributed to the needy either in the local community (including the local Jewish community) or to other national or international causes / the needs of the elderly are provided for,
Arguments in support of other views
• The home is the centre of the faith because it is the place of the family unit, considered very important in preserving the faith and passing it to the future generations / it is where children are raised in the faith / Brit Milah usually takes place in the home as a new baby is welcomed to the faith / the home is a place of love, nurture and safety for all who live there. • The home has a large part in Shabbat observance which is central to the faith / the family is involved in Shabbat at home / preparations for Shabbat are made at home and the Friday meal is eaten at home / the ceremonial aspects of it / the rest of Shabbat may be spent with the family studying the Torah or just having quality family time (although many will visit the synagogue on the Saturday morning) / the havdalah service is performed to end Shabbat at home. • Daily prayers can be said at home / homes have reminders of the faith such as mezuzahs, symbolism and copies of Jewish texts. • The laws of kashrut (dietary laws) are based on the home and are observed there. • The remains of the Temple in Jerusalem, especially the Western Wall, are a reminder of a time when the Temple was considered to be the centre of the faith / if it were to be rebuilt, it may regain this ‘status’ / many may see Jerusalem or Israel as the centre of the Jewish faith. • As God created the earth and everything it contains, everywhere should be respected and praise and thanks should be given to God for providing it, etc.