FoxChild@Learn
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June 2022
Q1.1: Which one of the following is the name of the person with whom God made a
Covenant at Sinai?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. A Adam B David C Joseph D Moses
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Answer: D: Moses
Q1.2: Give two ways in which Jews might follow the moral principle of healing the world.
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Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. considered for marking. Contribute to social justice and a better community / protect the environment / credit specific examples of what a Jew might do to protect the environment / repair the world (Tikkun Olam) / support charities that help those living in poverty / do charity work to help those in need / obey the mitzvot / become closer to God / help to sustain the world God created / keep Shabbat in order to renew efforts to bring about a better world / pray for harmony / unity between nations / no hatred / be kind to others / Love your neighbour / engage in political action for justice / humanitarian work, N.B. If candidates provide more than two answers, see page 4 for further guidance.
Q1.3: Explain two ways in which belief about God as Judge influences Jews today.
Answer:
influence on individuals, communities and societies. To be a ‘detailed explanation’ the ‘influence’ of the way must be included. • God as Judge has given laws (mitzvot) for his people to obey and it is on their obedience to these laws that he will fairly judge them / this encourages Jews to obey God’s laws / in order that God’s fair judgement will be favourable to them. • Jews can trust that God will judge them fairly / gives them confidence that they will be rewarded if they follow God’s laws. • God judges humans throughout their lifetime / Yom Kippur Jews are influenced and encouraged to repent and atone for any harm they may have caused others / in order to be judged favourably by God / and have a positive comment in their book of life. • Some Jews believe that they will be judged at the end of their life as to how they have obeyed God / those God judges to be righteous will live on in Gan Eden (heaven) / as befits God’s chosen people / souls are sent to Sheol to wait for judgement / this influences Jews to obey God in order to live on with God / some Jews believe that at the end of time God will judge the righteous from the wicked and those in between / regardless of which belief they follow, it means that they must obey his commandments and lead a life that pleases God, etc.
Q1.4: Explain two Jewish beliefs about the Covenant with Abraham.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Jewish belief and teaching in your answer.
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Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Jewish belief and teaching – 1 mark • It was an agreement made between God and Abraham (Avram) / as the first Jew and thus binding on all Jews. • Abraham was told by God to take his family from their home in Ur to Canaan / this is a model of faith and trust in God which Jews try to follow. • When they arrived, God promised that he would give the land to Abraham and his family / became known as the Promised Land (Canaan or Israel). • Abraham was instructed to keep his belief in monotheism / ‘walk faithfully and be blameless’ (Genesis 17:1) / not to make idols / in order that God would keep his promise to Abraham. • God promised that he would make Abraham a great nation / would bless him / make his name great / bless those who bless you / curse those who curse you / as numerous as the dust (Genesis 13:16) and the stars (Genesis 15:5). • Has led to the belief that the Jews are God’s chosen people / which gives them great responsibility to remain faithful to him / or la’goyim – a light to the nations. • The covenant was sealed by circumcision / Abraham became circumcised as did the males in his family / this has continued to the present day as a sign of the covenant / commanded by God • Abraham’s wife Sarah became pregnant shortly after the covenant was agreed / the birth of a son Isaac was seen as a gift from God / to mark the covenant. • Your descendants will be strangers in a foreign land / will be enslaved for 400 years / but then will go free / Genesis 15:5 your offspring will be like the stars you can count etc. N.B. Do not credit the sacrifice of Isaac as part of the Covenant.
Sources of authority might include (including those mentioned above):
‘The Lord said to Avram (Abraham), “Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you / I will make of you a great nation, / And I will bless you; I will make your name great, And you shall be a blessing. / I will bless those who bless you, And curse him that curses you; / And all the families of the earth, Shall bless themselves by you.”’ (Genesis 12:1-3) ‘I give all the land that you see to you and your offspring forever.’ (Genesis 13:15) ‘For you are a people consecrated to the Lord your God; of all the peoples on earth the Lord your God chose you to be His treasured people.’ (Deuteronomy 7:6) ‘And I will give you so many descendants that, like the dust of the earth, your offspring can also be counted.’ (Genesis 13:16) Genesis 17:1-27 - credit accurate attributed references to the covenant and circumcision. Genesis 15:5 – your offspring will be as numerous as the stars you can count. Genesis 16:13 your offspring will be strangers and enslaved and oppressed for 400 years, but….they shall go free with great wealth. For further guidance see Genesis chapters 12, 15 and 17. N.B. Please read GCSE RS supporting marking guidance for further guidance on how to award marks on the 5 mark question.
Q1.5: ‘For Jews, the most important role of the Messiah is to bring peace to the world.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Jewish teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
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Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information. evidence and arguments must be credited.
Arguments in support
• The Messiah is expected to be a future King of Israel / Orthodox Jews believe the Messiah to be a person chosen by God / and anointed by a prophet / a great leader / a great political leader / an expert in Jewish law / who will rule during the Messianic age / living in peace in a restored Israel. • Prophet Micah prophesied a future when war would end and people would live in peace with each other / ‘And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not take up sword against nation; they shall never again know war.’ (Micah 4:3) / other prophets looked forward to a time of peace and justice eg Jeremiah 23:5-6. • Orthodox Jews believe every generation has a potential Messiah / who will be directed by God to be a redeemer if the Jews are worthy of redemption / who will rule with kindness and justice, not war and injustice / he will rebuild the Temple and usher in a time of world peace and unite humanity as one. • Through upholding the Jewish Law and Commandments, the Messiah will establish peace and justice / preventing the need for war / other nations will look to the Messiah for guidance and his message of peace will become universally adopted / ‘How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of those who bring good news, who proclaim peace, who bring good tidings, who proclaim salvation, who say to Zion “Your God reigns”’ (Isaiah 52:7), etc.
Arguments in support of other views
• Messiah means ‘anointed one’ and was first used for Saul and the kings of Israel / some of whom were warriors / ‘The Lord herewith anoints you ruler over His own people’ (1 Samuel 10:1). • Many Reform Jews do not believe in an individual Messiah / they believe every person has the responsibility to create world peace / the Messianic age will come as a result of people's collective action and not as a result of a special individual / Pittsburgh platform. • The role of the Messiah will be to uphold Torah law and be the ultimate teacher of it / rebuild the Temple and gather all Jews back to Israel (it is not part of Jewish understanding that the Messiah is a Saviour). • The idea of a peaceful Messiah developed during times when Jews have been oppressed and persecuted / they hoped for peace and looked forward to it, even though the expectation may not be firmly rooted in the faith. • The Messiah is sometimes portrayed as a great military leader alongside being fully observant of Jewish Law etc. Q2 Judaism: Practices
Q2.1: Which one of the following is the age at which Jewish boys usually have their
Bar Mitzvah ceremony?
Put a tick ( ) in the box next to the correct answer. A 11 B 13 C 15 D 17
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Answer: B: 13
Q2.2: Give two things required for meat to be kosher.
Question 2 continues on the next page
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Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. considered for marking. To be kosher it must be caught alive / have been ritually slaughtered by having its throat cut with a very sharp knife / the slaughter should be done by a qualified person (Shochet) / not stunned before it is killed / have blood removed / mammals must have a cloven (split) hoof and chew the cud / must be only permitted parts of the animal’s body / not cooked and/or eaten with a milk product / not an animal which naturally preys on other animals / for industrial food purchase certification would be required / a kosher stamp (Hechsher) is evidence of kosher status, but not required, etc. No mark should be awarded just for giving examples of animals that may or may not be kosher. For full list, see (Leviticus 11:1-47 and Deuteronomy 14:3-21). N.B. If candidates provide more than two answers, see page 4 for further guidance.
Q2.3: Explain two contrasting ways a synagogue might be used by Jews.
Answer:
similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs. Contrast may mean opposing or mean different views. • Worship / communal or individual / services are held regularly for worship (beit tefilah – house of • Shabbat observance / families attend on Friday evening / Saturday morning. • Prayer / provides sufficient Jews to allow certain prayers to be said – minyan 10+ adults / differences between Orthodox and Reform / Amidah (standing prayer). • Houses important religious items / eg Torah scrolls, Ner Tamid (Eternal Light). • Festivals celebrated within the community / eg Yom Kippur, Pesach (Passover). • Rites of passage ceremonies / eg Bar Mitzvah / Bat Mitzvah. • Life cycle ceremonies / for instance marriages / conversion ceremonies / baby blessings • Education / Jews of all ages can use the synagogue for education / teach young Jews Hebrew / so they have a better understanding of prayers / there is often a library to help older Jews to continue their studies (beit midrash – house of study) / Shabbat morning Torah study before the • Social activities / provides social hall for the use of people of all ages / youth clubs / music and drama groups / groups of senior citizens / charitable fund-raising events / social activism discussions (beit kehilla – house of community), etc.
Q2.4: Explain two ways in which Shabbat is celebrated in Jewish homes.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Jewish belief and teaching in your answer.
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Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority. Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Jewish belief and teaching – 1 mark • The home is prepared for the celebration / at least two candles are placed on the table / to observe the commandments to remember and observe Shabbat / all the food is prepared before the celebration / all cooking is completed before the candles are lit. • Shabbat prayers might be read at home instead of the synagogue. • Two loaves of challah bread are placed on the table / to represent food provided by God before Shabbat whilst they were wandering in the wilderness. • Wine or grape juice is placed on the table / drunk to represent joy and celebration. • A female (or any) member of the family lights two candles / shortly before sunset / waves or beckons their arms around the candles / covers their eyes / as a blessing / prayer asking God to bless the family / although candles may be lit by any Jewish person. • Children are blessed before the meal / head of household recites the Kiddush blessings / Kiddush cup held up / hands are washed to symbolise purification / and separation between ordinary and holy time / God is blessed for providing bread / it is passed round so everybody has a piece / meal is taken / family time to relax and enjoy the company / Torah stories may be told and Shabbat songs sung. • Meal ends with a prayer and thanksgiving for food meal blessings called birkat ha-mazon. • After Saturday morning synagogue service another meal is shared in the home / afternoon spent at home with the family, including children / Torah may be studied. • The end of Shabbat is marked by the havdallah service / performed after the sun has set / blessings performed over wine / sweet smelling spices / to allow the sweetness of Shabbat to remain even after Shabbat ends / candle with several wicks / to bring light to the house. • Concluding words / eg ‘Elijah the prophet’ / Shavua tov (have a good week). • Candidates might include Shabbat prohibitions in the home / for instance not watching the TV / not operating electricity etc.
Sources of authority might include:
‘Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. Six days you shall labour and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God.’ (Exodus 20:8-9). ‘Observe the Shabbat day by keeping it holy as the Lord your God has commanded’ (Deuteronomy ‘And the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath to observe the Sabbath throughout the generations, for the perpetual covenant. It is a sign between Me and the Children of Israel forever, for six days the Lord made Heaven and Earth, and on the seventh day He ceased from work and rested.’ (Exodus 31:16-17). ‘Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who sanctifies us with the commandments and commands us to light the candles of Shabbat.’ (Shabbat blessing). N.B. Please read GCSE RS supporting marking guidance for further guidance on how to award marks on the 5 mark question.
Q2.5: ‘For Jews, Yom Kippur is more important than Rosh Hashanah.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Jewish teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
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10 IB/M/Jun22/8062/ Extra space
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Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information. evidence and arguments must be credited.
Arguments in support
• Judgement is finalised on this day so it is the last chance for repentance / Yom Kippur is known as the Day of Atonement / is the holiest day in the Jewish year / it is considered to be very important that repentance and atonement are made / ‘atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you of all your sins’ (Tenakh) / God’s judgement on this day is final / last chance for repentance / gates of repentance / Book of Life is closed. • Spending much of Yom Kippur in the synagogue emphasises its importance / links to God / asking God for forgiveness / helps to restore the individual’s relationship with God / general confession as a community of Jews / service gives a final chance to confess their sins before the doors of the Ark are closed / symbolises that God’s judgement is sealed. • On this day, God’s forgiveness is given and the individual’s relationship with God is restored. • Wearing white to symbolise purity / fasting / not bathing, wearing leather shoes or having sex / during Yom Kippur emphasise the importance of the festival. • The belief that Rosh Hashanah is preparation for the more important festival of Yom Kippur makes Yom Kippur more important. • ‘You shall practise self-denial...for on this day atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you of all your sins; you shall be clean before the Lord...it is a law for all time.’ (Leviticus 16:29-31), etc.
Arguments in support of other views
• Rosh Hashanah is the start of the Jewish new year / and the first day of a period of reflection and repentance for a ten day period / which leads up to Yom Kippur / although no actual prayers for repentance take place on Rosh Hashanah and mention of sin and forgiveness are not part of Rosh Hashanah prayers or synagogue services / it is essential preparation for Yom Kippur / without Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur would be meaningless / makes them of equal importance. • Rosh Hashanah begins ten days of repentance during which relationships between people are repaired / God opens the Book of Life which is closed on Yom Kippur. • Rosh Hashanah celebrates / remembers God’s creation of the world / the anniversary of God creating humans / without which nothing would exist, including Yom Kippur. • The mitzvah of the Shofar singles out the importance of Rosh Hashanah (Leviticus 23). • Jews are judged during Rosh Hashanah, its called Yom Hadin- Judgement day / it offers a chance to improve God’s judgement of them by committing to be a better person. • Rosh Hashanah looks to the future and how the year ahead will be / while Yom Kippur looks back towards the actions of the year gone by. • Prayers are said in the evening and morning services / a festive meal is shared, including apples and honey to symbolise the of a sweet new year and a round challah / breadcrumbs that represent sins are symbolically cast into flowing water (tashlich). • Rosh Hashanah introduces 10 days during which relationships between people are repaired / this influences God to do the same in his judgement of them / some Jews see God’s ‘record keeping’ of their sins and repentance as representing the idea that actions have consequences. • Both festivals have a similar focus on hoping for God’s merciful judgement / they should be considered together rather than separately / so neither can be considered as more important. • The focus of repentance in Judaism is in the here and now, to achieve a close relationship with God in this life, rather than for the afterlife etc.