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June 2021
Q1.1: Which one of the following is the name of a prophet in Islam?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A Arafat B Ibrahim C Mina D Sadaqah
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: B Ibrahim
Q1.2: Give two Muslim beliefs about the nature of God.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority considered for marking. God is One (Tawhid) / immanent / transcendent / omnipotent (Al-Qadir) / beneficent / merciful (Ar- Raheem) / fair (Al-Adl) / just, etc. Any of the 99 names is creditworthy.
Q1.3: Explain two ways in which belief in angels influences Muslims today.
Answer:
influence on individuals, communities and societies To be a ‘detailed explanation’ the ‘influence’ of the way must be included. • It influences Muslims to live according to God’s law / this means that they will follow the laws set out in the Qur’an / eg Following the Five Pillars as they believe that angels are recording their deeds / ‘Not a word does he (or she) utter, but there is a watcher by him ready (to record it)’ • They will avoid sins and those things that Qur’an prohibits / eg lying, stealing and committing shirk as the angel on the left shoulder will write down all the bad deeds that humans commit / ‘This Our Record speaks about you with truth. Verily, we were recording what you used to do.’ (45:29). • The angel Izrail will take the soul of a human / this belief may keep a Muslim disciplined in their • It influences Muslims to accept God’s decree / as the angels have been ordained by God to carry out his will on earth, eg angel Mika’il is in charge of the weather. • It influences them to follow God’s message / some angels take human form to reveal messages eg Jibril and the revelation of the Qur’an/ Hadith. • It influences them to prepare for death / as the angels (Kiraman and Katibeen) will present their good and bad deeds to God on the Day of Judgement, etc.
Q1.4: Explain two Muslim beliefs about holy books.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Muslim belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Muslim belief and teaching – 1 mark Holy books are important because they may inspire faith / preserve the traditional teachings of the prophets / give guidance for life / holy books specifically the Qur’an will be treated with respect / ritual washing will take place before touching it / it will be kept in a high place and covered with a special cloth / whilst it is being recited Muslims will not eat or drink / they will listen to it attentively, It is the final book revealed by God to the Prophet Muhammad on Mount Hira over a 23-year period / it contains guidance for humankind / it teaches Muslims how to live their daily lives and please God / it is free from error and protected by God / it is written in Arabic for ease of understanding, etc. Other Holy books Torah was revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai and was the original word of God / Ibrahim was given the scrolls (scrolls of Abraham) / over time these books were distorted and so new holy books were needed / Psalms was revealed to Dawud / Injil (gospels) was revealed to Isa (Jesus) / they all contained guidance and called humans to monotheistic belief/ also allow reference to Hadith as a
Sources of authority might include:
‘This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah.’ (2:2) ‘Absolutely, we have revealed the reminder, and, absolutely, we will preserve it.’ (15:9) ‘Indeed, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an that you might understand.’ (12:2), etc. Other Holy Books: ‘Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light.’ (5:44) ‘So woe to those who write the "scripture" with their own hands, then say, "This is from Allah," in order to exchange it for a small price. Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe to them for what they earn.’ (2:79) 'We sent inspiration to Abraham, Isma’il, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the Psalms.’ (Qur’an 4:163), etc.
Q1.5: ‘To believe in the six articles of faith is the best way to please God.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Muslim teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Extra space
Q2 Islam: Practices
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [SPaG 3 marks] understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support
• The six articles of faith are the core beliefs that allow a Sunni Muslim to enter the faith, and following these would naturally please God. • These articles are repeated several times in the Qur’an and so it may seem to be the easiest way to please God. • Faith may lead to a life of obedience and submission to the Will of Allah / these beliefs allow a Muslim to enter paradise and thus please God. • The articles of faith allow Sunni Muslims to be rewarded for their good deeds without which all actions like prayer and charity are redundant. • The Prophet Muhammad emphasised the importance of these articles and spent several years preaching about them. • The Qur’an teaches that Allah is pleased with those who have monotheistic beliefs and avoid shirk / ‘Verily, Allah will not pardon those who associate a partner with Him. Apart from him, He will pardon all others.’ (4:16), etc.
Arguments in support of other views
• Belief alone is not sufficient, actions are also required to please God eg following the Five Pillars. • Shi’a Muslims believe that following the five roots of Usul ad-Din, which include the belief in the Imamate, is the best way to please God, as this is what was taught by the Prophet. • Shi’a Muslims believe that the Ten Obligatory Acts are a key part of pleasing God / these include giving Khums, Jihad, Amr-bil-Maruf, Tawallah and Tabarra. • God talks about belief and action together in the Qur’an, thus implying that they are equal in pleasing God / ‘And (remember) when We took a covenant from the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none but Allah (Alone) and be dutiful and good to parents, and to kindred, and to orphans and Al-Masakin (the poor)’, (9:60). • ‘All actions are judged by motives, and each person will be rewarded according to their intention.’ • God is most pleased with those who are kind (Qur’an) / there is little mention of God being pleased with the belief in the six articles alone; actions are also required. • The Qur’an talks about the importance of the Five Pillars and this is emphasised throughout the Qur’an / in order to please God fully belief must be backed by action / there is a punishment for those who do not carry out the Five Pillars and respect others, thus showing that belief in the articles is not the best way to please God. • In numerous Hadith the prophet Muhammad taught that kindness to neighbours and caring for animals and the environment please God, etc. Q2 Islam: Practices
Q2.1: Which one of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A Risalah B Sawm C Shahadah D Zakah
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: A Risalah
Q2.2: Give two religious practices that Muslims perform on Jummah (Friday).
Question 2 continues on the next page
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority considered for marking. Bathe (ghusl) / wear clean clothes / apply perfume / attend the mosque / listen to the sermon (khutbah) / give charity / pray Jummah salah / recite surah Kahf / send salutations on the Prophet
Q2.3: Explain two contrasting ways Muslims celebrate the Night of Power.
Answer:
similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs • Some will sit in solitary confinement (itikaaf) in the last days of Ramadan in search of this night / ‘what will explain to you what the night of glory is? The night of glory is better than a thousand • Some may stay awake on the odd nights in the last ten nights and focus on worship. • They may read the Qur’an / and reflect on its meaning. • Offer voluntary prayers / pray for forgiveness of sins. • They may pray for the less fortunate / for good fortune in the coming year. • Salutations may be sent to the Prophet Muhammad. • People may gather in the mosque / to listen to talks from scholars. • Food may be distributed / to friends, family and the poor, etc.
Q2.4: Explain two Muslim understandings of Jihad.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Muslim belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Muslim belief and teaching – 1 mark • Jihad means to struggle or overcome difficulty in life, this can be understood in different ways / ‘Struggle in the way of Allah’. • Greater Jihad is a personal inward struggle / to overcome evil and live life according to Islam / this includes following Shari’ah law, carrying out the pillars / and practising virtues such as generosity • Muslims must avoid temptations / such as alcohol, greed and jealousy. • Lesser Jihad is the duty to fight / when commanded by a legitimate ruler / under the conditions, and in ways, permitted by Qur’an and Shari’ah / it is considered less important than Greater Jihad as it is not required at all times. • Lesser Jihad was more relevant in the early days of Islam when Muslims were persecuted / there was a need to protect their faith. • Lesser Jihad can only be undertaken when all the conditions are met / this means it cannot be used to justify terrorism that targets innocent civilians, etc.
Sources of authority might include:
Jihad is ‘the effort against oneself’, (hadith) / Muhammad is said to have called this the Greater Jihad. ‘Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but do not transgress, for Allah does not love those who transgress. And slay them wherever you find them, and drive them out of the places fr where they drove you out, for persecution is worse than slaughter.’ (2:190-191) The Prophet said that Jihad was the best of deeds (hadith). ‘The best Jihad is Hajj.’ (hadith), etc
Q2.5: ‘Salah is more important than Hajj for Muslims today.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Muslim teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
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Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support
• Salah is practised daily / it is a direct contact between the individual and God. • It is the first thing that will be questioned about on the Day of Judgment (hadith) making it more • It is necessary for all Muslims to pray daily / Hajj is only mandatory if certain requirements are • Salah is done more regularly and for a longer period showing it is important. • Hajj is done once in a lifetime so its importance is only for a short period of time whereas Salah is done daily and for the entirety of a person’s life. • It allows Muslims to connect with God on a daily basis / talk to him about their problems making it • Salah has more importance because it is also performed on Hajj, etc.
Arguments in support of other views
• Hajj allows a person’s sins to be forgiven and start afresh / ‘Whoever performs Hajj for the sake of Allah and does not utter any obscene speech or do any evil deed, will go back (free of sin) as his mother bore him.’ (hadith). • ‘An accepted pilgrimage brings no less a reward than Paradise.’ (hadith) / Hajj is performed once in a lifetime making it more important. • It allows Muslims to experience the concept of ummah (brotherhood) / especially for women who may not attend the mosque for Salah. • Hajj allows Muslims to visit the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad / and experience first-hand where the Prophet lived, which is not possible with Salah. • Hajj is more important as it allows Muslims to visit the Ka’aba - the house of God / here Muslims believe that their prayers are answered. • The reward of visiting the grand mosque outweighs the reward of Salah on a daily basis (hadith). • Both are Pillars of Islam and are considered equally important, etc.