FoxChild@Learn
Paper 1: Catholic Christianity
June 2020
Q1.1: Which one of the following books of the Bible includes the story of creation?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A Deuteronomy B Exodus C Genesis D Numbers
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: C Genesis
Q1.2: Give two reasons why judgement by God is important for Christians.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority God’s judgement is important because God either rewards or punishes people as a result of their actions / Christians will have to give an account of all their deeds and failings in life / they must accept responsibility for all their actions / stand before God to be judged / as a result of their actions they may enter Heaven, the place of total, eternal happiness / or Hell where they will be eternally separated from God / it is important because Jesus taught about God’s judgement in parables, eg The Rich Man and Lazarus Luke 16: 19-31 / The Parable of the Sheep and Goats Matthew 25: 31-
Q1.3: Explain two ways in which believing in the Incarnation of Jesus influences
Catholics today.
Answer:
influence on individuals, communities and societies To be a ‘detailed explanation’ the ‘influence’ of the way must be included. • Incarnate means being made flesh and Jesus became fully human and took on the whole cycle of human life / through the Incarnation God and humanity are united / the whole of creation is made • Christians may be helped to face and endure their own suffering with courage and dignity / they may offer themselves into God’s hands as Jesus who was fully God and fully human did / Jesus chose to do God’s will even though as a fully human person he would endure great suffering and pain / he asked God to take away his suffering but he was also prepared to do God’s will, etc. • Christians may be influenced to put faith in God even when they are worried or upset / and to be influenced in their actions and the choices and decisions they make, etc. • God can be seen as a living presence / God is fully revealed through Jesus’ Incarnation / humans therefore have a share in the divine life / this influences Christians to develop their prayer life / to value God’s creation / to live according to God’s will as Jesus did, etc.
Q1.4: Explain two Christian beliefs about the Trinity.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Christian belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Christian belief and teaching – 1 mark • Trinity is the belief that there are three persons in one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit / they are separate but are also one being / Christians believe that the life of the Trinity flows from the love of the Father and Son for each other, which is the Holy Spirit / just as the life of the Trinity is shared with Christians. • Christians are called to pass the love of the Trinity to each other / they believe that the love of the Trinity is meaningless if it is not shared / this is reflected in eg Deus Caritas Est / the teachings of St Augustine on 1 John 4:16 ‘God is love’. • Christians believe that God the Father is the almighty creator / source of all life. • Jesus, the Son co-existed with him and shares the same nature / the Son took on human limitations out of love for humans / the Son suffered and died as a human being to fulfil the prophecies of the Old Testament. • The Holy Spirit gives life to all things / the Holy Spirit unites the Father and the Son in love / this is reflected in the Nicene Creed. • The Church gives witness to the love of the Trinity through evangelism (preaching the Gospel by words) / also through the sacraments / the Church believes that the power of the Spirit speaking through others influences the lives and attitudes of others / Jesus commanded this in his last instructions to his followers in Matthew 28 / they also believe that they are also sent out (mission) / to care for others through eg education, medical care, farming techniques which are supported by charity organisations / all this reflects the love of the Trinity, etc.
Q1.5: ‘For Catholics, the sacraments are the best way to know God’s love.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Catholic teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
[SPaG 3 marks]
Extra space
Q2 Catholic Christianity: Practices
Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view [SPaG 3 marks] significance and influence understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support
• A sacrament is a sign of grace or God’s love / the word ‘sacrament’ also refers to seven specific rites in the Catholic Church / through these rites grace is given / Catholics believe that every time they take part in a sacrament they welcome Christ into their lives / sacraments also sanctify a person’s life: they make it more holy / grace is God’s free gift of love to all people, etc. • The Catholic Church defines a sacrament as ‘an outward sign of inward grace’ / this means that a sacrament is a sign of God’s love / Catholics also view the whole of reality as a sacrament and a sign of God’s grace / they see God’s love as being present throughout the world / the Incarnation helped people to understand God’s love and see God as a living presence in the world, etc. • Jesus is the perfect reflection of God’s love for the human race and Jesus left the gift of grace through the sacraments as a reflection of God’s love / his spirit is still active today in the sacraments / the sacraments are therefore the best way to receive God’s love now that Jesus is no longer present as a human on earth / individual sacraments demonstrate different aspects of God’s love eg Reconciliation – God’s forgiving nature, etc.
Arguments in support of other views
• God’s love is not just received through the sacraments but in many other ways in the life of a Catholic / God’s love is reflected all around in creation / through God’s creation it can be seen just how precious humanity is / this can be seen eg in Genesis 2 where God breathes life into man and he becomes a living being / the gift of life is a clear reflection of God’s love and of the special relationship between God and humans / humans share the breath or Spirit of God, etc. • God gives humanity free will and the ability to choose for themselves / this reflects the love that God has / God gives humans the opportunity to make decisions / God’s love is also reflected in the fact that God gives Adam the authority to name the animals he has created / and to take responsibility for them / this demonstrates clearly God’s love for humans as he trusts them with his creation, etc. • Humans are created ‘Imago Dei’ – in the image of God / this stresses the dignity and importance of each human person to God and the love he has for them / all creation is blessed and holy but this particularly applies to human life / Catholics believe in the sanctity of all human life because they see God in every person / eg they can receive God’s love through their relationships with others and through the Church as the Body of Christ / this is demonstrated in the Bible, eg in 1 Corinthians 13 where St Paul focuses on different aspects of love between brothers and sisters in Christ / also eg in Colossians 1 where the Church is compared to a human body united in Christ and in the love of God, etc. • God’s love is mediated through the lives and work of others eg St Mother Teresa / the Parable of the Sheep and Goats / the prayer of St Teresa of Avila / the teachings of the Magisterium, etc. [Plus SPaG 3 marks] Q2 Catholic Christianity: Practices
Q2.1: Which one of the following is an example of evangelism?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer. A Going on pilgrimage B Preaching the good news about Jesus to others C The raising of the heart and mind to God D The teaching authority of the Catholic Church
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Answer: B Preaching the good news about Jesus to others
Q2.2: Give two examples of the work done by CAFOD.
Question 2 continues on the next page
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority CAFOD works with the poorest in society / gives short term (emergency aid) / sets up long term development projects / supports sustainability / gives dignity to humans / respects God’s creation / campaigns on behalf of the poor / fulfils the signs of love taught eg in Jesus’ parable of the Sheep and Goats / feeds the hungry / gives drink to the thirsty / takes in the stranger / clothes the naked / visits the sick / imprisoned / aims to support and set up projects / encourages people in England and Wales to live more simply / encourages the use of fewer natural resources / sets up renewable energy projects / promotes the teaching of Pope Francis in ‘Laudato Si’ / promotes and encourages the teaching of Jesus to ‘love thy neighbour’ / encourages the people of England and Wales to live more simply, etc.
Q2.3: Explain two contrasting Christian views about the importance of formal prayer.
Answer:
similarities and differences within and/or between religions and beliefs First contrasting view Second contrasting view • Many Christians like to use formal prayers as they are traditional and have been passed down through many generations / others prefer spontaneous prayer as being more personal and relevant to a situation. • Formal prayers often have a structure that can be memorised / others may think that this limits • Jesus taught the Lord’s Prayer (Our Father) when his disciples asked him to teach them how to pray (Luke 11:1-4) / others think that Jesus did not mean that Christians should use only this prayer, and there are many examples of Jesus using different types of prayer, (eg the spontaneous prayer in Luke 22:42, ‘Father, if you are willing, remove this cup …’). • Some think that not having to think of their own words may open people up to God’s presence / for example when praying with others during Mass or a special church service / which may bring Christians closer together as a community / others think that Christians can feel this closeness through informal prayer, eg Quakers may pray with their own words, with others, when they are moved to do so by the Holy Spirit. • Some will take comfort from prayers with a set pattern, (eg the Our Father, the Hail Mary, the Creed) / others think that the same comfort can come from spontaneous prayer, for example asking God for help in times of anxiety and ill health. • Some may argue that the importance of formal prayer does not need to be contrasted with that of other types of prayer / since prayer naturally has many parts, each being equally important in its own setting / For example, after teaching his disciples the Our Father, Jesus goes on to talk about the importance of persistence in prayer (Luke 11:5-13), etc.
Q2.4: Explain two Christian beliefs about peace.
Refer to sacred writings or another source of Christian belief and teaching in your answer.
Answer:
beliefs, practices and sources of authority Relevant and accurate reference to sacred writing or another source of Christian belief and teaching – 1 mark • Christians should aim to help the Kingdom of God to grow on earth / peace helps them to do this by creating harmony in society / in the Old Testament the prophets teach of peace / in the New Testament Jesus ensures that all have what they are entitled to as human beings / Christians believe that all humans are created equal / are loved equally by God / this helps to bring about • Christians believe that Jesus comes from God and that all humans are created in God’s image / Jesus as fully God and fully human promoted peace through his teaching and example / they believe that they are called therefore, like Jesus, to ensure the dignity of every person / regardless of gender, race, colour or religion / this will bring about peace. • For Christians peace comes from the heart / Christians should always aim to promote peace / they should support organisations that work for peace, eg Pax Christi, CAFOD / they should do their best to live their lives as closely as they can to Jesus who always promoted peace. • Some are likely to refer to Luke 6:27-29, where Jesus demands peaceful action: ‘Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you’ / ‘If someone strikes you on the cheek, offer the other • In the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus does not resist arrest, even though it leads to his suffering and death (Mark 14:26-52 / Luke 22:39-53) / many Christians feel that Jesus’s example should be followed in any confrontation / some believe that complete pacifism is necessary in order to follow Jesus / in the temptation story, Jesus rejected the temptation to worldly power (Luke 4:5-8). • Some believe that Jesus was not fully committed to peace / for example he appears to have been violent in cleansing the Temple (Mark 11:15-19) / however others argue that there is no evidence that any animal or human was hurt by what Jesus did, etc.
Q2.5: ‘All Catholics should go on pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime.’
Evaluate this statement. In your answer you should: • refer to Catholic teaching • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view • reach a justified conclusion.
Extra space
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Answer:
In your answer you should: • give reasoned arguments to support this statement • give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view significance and influence understanding of relevant evidence and information. References to religion applied to the issue. relevant evidence and information. Clear reference to religion. evidence and information.
Arguments in support
• A pilgrimage is a sacred journey that has a spiritual purpose / to a sacred religious place / Catholics can go on pilgrimage without travelling great distances / going on pilgrimage once in a lifetime is not asking much / Catholics believe that by visiting such sites they can be closer to the historical figure of Jesus / the Incarnation is a very important belief for Catholics so visiting the site where Jesus was born is important to them / they also visit places where visions of Our Lady or saints are believed to have appeared / or where miracles have occurred / the opportunity to pray in a place where these events have occurred is very important to Catholics / Catholic pilgrims believe that they may gain a better understanding of their beliefs / have the opportunity to demonstrate their devotion to their religion through worship when on pilgrimage, etc. • The belief that Jesus died and was raised from the dead is a very important belief for Catholics so visiting places associated with this is important to them / they believe that this sacrifice enables all Christians to have a relationship with God / this belief is called the Atonement / many Catholics believe that undertaking a pilgrimage eg to Jerusalem can bring them closer to the experience of Jesus as he approached his death / they believe that this will help them to develop spiritually and become closer to God, etc. • Pilgrims may visit to be cleansed of their sins / to be cured of their illnesses eg it is believed that spring water from the grotto where Our Lady appeared in Lourdes can heal people if they are sick / millions of visitors go to Lourdes each year in the hope of being cured spiritually or physically / the opportunity to focus closely on their faith helps pilgrims feel secure in the knowledge that God will look after them / forgive them for their sins and even cure them of their illnesses, etc.
Arguments in support of other views
• There are sacrifices that have to be made to go on pilgrimage / the cost may be too much for some Catholics to afford to travel to go on pilgrimage / you may have to take time off work / leave family behind / pilgrimage can be physically and emotionally challenging / some Catholics may not be able to physically make the journey or endure the demands of the pilgrimage itself, etc. • Some Catholics may go eg to Lourdes in the hope of being healed but if God wants to heal someone he could easily do this through faith and prayer without the need to go on pilgrimage / the disappointment of not being healed could weaken faith / some people may not appreciate the importance of the place of pilgrimage and may just go for a holiday / some places of pilgrimage make money out of pilgrims by selling tacky items which do not truly reflect the importance or holiness of the place, etc. • Some may say that the money spent on going on pilgrimage could be better spent / there are places where people are starving, homeless, etc. / it would be better to give the money to the poor and needy rather than spending it on pilgrimage, etc. • Some Catholics may feel that their faith should be strong enough that the pilgrimage experience is unnecessary / they may also feel that there is no need to travel to become closer to God, as God is present everywhere in their everyday lives / Catholics can pray anytime and anywhere so there is no need to go on pilgrimage to improve your relationship with God, etc.