Paper 1 Section B/D: Conflict and tension in Asia, 1950–1975

June 2022

Q1: Source A is critical of the events at Kent State University. How do you know?

Explain your answer using Source A and your contextual knowledge. Study Sources B and C in the Sources Booklet.

Answer:

features of the source. For example, the cartoon is criticising America for the events that took place at Kent State University in 1970. The soldier is making an excuse for his use of force. The figure of Uncle Sam represents the people of America; he looks ashamed because students who were making an anti-war demonstration were shot at by National Guard. Several students were killed. For example, the cartoon shows an American soldier who has just used his gun against people who did not have proper weapons. The guards shot students who were protesting.

Q2: How useful are Sources B and C to an historian studying the Korean War?

Explain your answer using Sources B and C and your contextual knowledge.

Answer:

In analysing and evaluating sources, students will draw on their contextual example, the context of the time in which source was created, place, author’s evaluate the relationship between the sources based on analysis of For example, the sources illustrate how the civil war in Korea became a proxy war between the USSR and the USA as part of the Cold War. In Source B, Stalin is only offering to provide equipment rather than troops because he did not want direct confrontation with the USA. That is also the reason for the message being confidential. The context of Source C is that President Truman had issued a doctrine to say that America would follow a policy to ‘contain’ the spread of communism. However, the propaganda poster shows that the USA did not want to be seen as starting a war against communism because it shows North Korea as the aggressor. It stresses that the action against North Korea has worldwide support and the USA was acting with the authorisation of the For example, Source B is useful to show an historian why North Korea was so successful in the first stages of the war. With support from the USSR, North Korea had built up its own army and trained troops whereas South Korea was not as strong. The North Korean army advanced rapidly in June- September 1950 and captured most of South Korea. Source C was published in America to show the actions of the UN in a positive light. America was in charge of the UN forces that landed in South Korea to help drive the North Koreans back to the border. For example, Source C is a form of propaganda that is justifying the need to fight against communism. In 1950, the UN had voted to take military action against North Korea. The USSR refused to attend meetings at this time and so they had not been able to veto this decision. Source B shows the Korean War started because the USSR provided military equipment that allowed the North Korean Army to invade South Korea. North Korea was communist and Stalin was happy to support an attempt to unite both halves of Korea under For example, Source B shows why the Korean War started in 1950 because the USSR provided military equipment that allowed the North Korean Army to invade capitalist South Korea. North Korea was communist and Stalin was happy to support an attempt to unite both halves of Korea under communist Source C was published in America to show the actions of the UN in a positive light. America was in charge of the UN forces that landed in South Korea to help drive the North Koreans back to the border. to the enquiry point, for example, Source B says that Stalin was willing to help Kim Il Sung with the issue of South Korea. Source C shows that the UN is trying to stop the Communists from attacking

Q3: Write an account of how the end of the war in Vietnam led to problems.

Answer:

with complex sequencing and reasoning supported by a range of accurate and example, to an analysis of how/why tension increased at different stages and /or showing understanding about how much each part of the sequence For example, President Ford was still able to exert a negative influence after the war ended in 1973 because he opposed Vietnam joining the United Nations. It was a problem for Vietnam because it remained isolated from the international community and made recovery harder. developed sequencing and reasoning supported by a range of accurate factual analysis of how/why tension increased at one stage in the process. For example, one problem was that the soil remained contaminated after the war because the farmland and jungle in Vietnam had been destroyed using chemical agents. The chemicals caused cancers and other illnesses in successive generations of Vietnamese people. For example, thousands of children were born as a result of relationships between Vietnamese women and US soldiers. Many faced prejudice for the rest of their lives because they were a living reminder of the conflict. Unexploded bombs remained in the soil and they could be detonated when the land was farmed. should demonstrate their ability to construct and develop a sustained line of reasoning which is coherent, relevant, substantiated and logically structured.

Q4: ‘The Gulf of Tonkin incident was the main reason why the conflict in Vietnam

escalated in the 1960s.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [SPaG 4 marks] and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contactthe Copyright Team.

Answer:

explanation of the relationship between causes supported by detailed factual For example, the Gulf of Tonkin incident was just one of the reasons for escalation in the 1960s. The wider context was that as the war continued, the nature of the conflict made decisive victory impossible. The size and strength of US military power did not bring a great advantage in jungle warfare against the guerrilla tactics of the Vietcong, nor could it destroy the Ho Chi Minh trail. For example, the Gulf of Tonkin incident involved a torpedo attack on USS Maddox and the report of another imminent attack. Although no further attacks occurred, the suspicion was sufficient for the US government to pass a resolution which gave the President the power to take further military against North Vietnam. This escalated the conflict because President Johnson used this power to launch bombing campaigns against North Vietnam and sent thousands of American soldiers to South Vietnam. For example, the main reason the conflict continued in the 1960s was because the Vietcong successfully fought a guerrilla war. The Vietcong hung on the belts of the Americans. The Americans struggled to identify the enemy because they didn’t wear uniforms and hid in the jungle and launched ambush attacks. The Americans could not be seen to be losing so they kept sending more forces and used new methods of attack such as Agent Orange to clear For example, Operation Rolling Thunder affected the conflict in Vietnam in the 1960s. This was a bombing campaign by America that targeted government buildings in North Vietnam. The campaign was meant to last for a few weeks but it lasted for several years. Vietnam attacked a US warship in the Gulf of Tonkin. army could not defeat the guerrilla tactics of the Vietcong. • The learner’s achievement in SPaG does not reach the threshold