Paper 2 Section A/C: Britain: Migration, empires and the people:

June 2024

Q1: How useful is Source A to an historian studying the British Empire?

Explain your answer using Source A and your contextual knowledge.

Answer:

In analysing and evaluating sources, students will draw on their contextual example, the context of the time in which the source was created, place, purpose and audience). For example, the plate was made in large quantities to celebrate the golden jubilee. A company would not invest time and money in producing the plates unless they thought there was a market for them and people would buy them. So, it is useful because it tells us that many people believed at the time in the value of the British Empire or wanted to show their loyalty to the Queen and enquiry point and the broader context of the thematic. This may evaluate utility For example, the source is useful because it is an example of an affordable souvenir that promotes the British Empire as a good thing. It chooses to celebrate 50 years of the Queen’s reign by stressing the size, extent and value of the British Empire and promotes the Empire as a good thing by suggesting that it unifies people and has a moral message about virtue and peaceful harmony with everyone all together. For example, the source is useful because it shows how big the British Empire was on the map and how much money it made and how many people lived in Answers may show understanding/support for the source, but the case is made by assertion/basic inference For example, the source is useful because it shows that people want to celebrate the Jubilee and they made a colourful plate about it.

Q2: Explain the significance of the Hundred Years’ War.

Answer:

explaining the relationship between aspects of significance, for example over For example, the Hundred Years’ War was significant because it caused both countries to unify their parts and create a separate identity. In England, French was used less as an official language from 1362 and English was used more widely. The English only had Calais on the continent and Edward IV renounced his claim to the throne of France (1475). The English Kings changed their outlook and began to look beyond Europe to develop an empire. France, too, became more of a unified country. For example, it was also significant because the Hundred Years’ War devastated large areas of France. Armies lived off the land and took crops and animals as they went, this was a recognised medieval fighting tactic. If they retreated, they destroyed things so that they would not help the enemy. Many people died fighting on both sides at Agincourt, the French lost between 7 to 10,000 men. The English lost more through dysentery than fighting. For example, it was also significant because the Hundred Years’ War cost vast amounts of money. Both the French and the English had to pay more taxes for the war. This caused unrest in England which may have led to the Peasants’ Revolt in 1381 and the Wars of the Roses. For example, the significance of the Hundred Years’ War was that in medieval warfare, and battles like Crecy, the English proved the power of the English longbow against mounted knights. English archers could fire 12 arrows a minute and kill a man nearly 200 metres away. For example, during the Hundred Years’ War between England and France thousands of soldiers died.

Q3: Explain two ways in which the British colonisation of North America and the

expansion of British control in India were similar.

Answer:

For example, they are similar because in both cases the British believed they were destined to take over these colonies. English colonists in Virginia tried to convert the Powhatans to Christianity after 1614. Pilgrim Fathers were motivated by religion. They believed in ideas about democracy. The British in India in the 1840s thought they were culturally superior to the Indians. The British angered many and ignored Indian culture such as in the ‘doctrine of For example, they are similar because in both places the British colonists were led by powerful individuals like Sir Walter Raleigh who established Roanoke in 1584 or Robert Clive in India who won the battle of Plassey in 1757 and became governor in India in 1763. For example, they are similar because there were economic motives the East India Company wanted to trade for the iron, silk, gold, spices, and the cotton; and in North America the British colonists made money from fishing in New Plymouth, and tobacco growing in Jamestown. for example, one of the identified similarities. For example, they are similar because there was fighting between the British and the indigenous people. The Native American tribes saw the British as invaders who took their territory by force and wiped out several tribes by passing on diseases. In India the East India Company expanded with its own private army and they fought the regional rulers of India. For example, in both North America and in India the British people worked with the indigenous people to establish a colony and trade. should demonstrate their ability to construct and develop a sustained line of reasoning which is coherent, relevant, substantiated and logically structured.

Q4: Has religion been the main factor in causing the movement of people to and from

Britain? Explain your answer with reference to religion and other factors. Use a range of examples from across your study of Migration, empires and the people: c790 to the present day. [SPaG 4 marks] and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.

Answer:

For example, religion was an important reason why people have moved to other parts of the world, such as the Pilgrims to Britain or such as Jewish people from Eastern Europe in the late nineteenth century who were escaping religious persecution. However, economic factors have been more important. The cultural ties between the Caribbean and Britain were a factor in the migration after the Second World War but the main factor was that Britain advertised British jobs in the Caribbean which had high unemployment. In the modern era with a global economy and agreements with Europe which promoted freedom of movement for European citizens, economic reasons explain more movement of people to and from Britain. Answers may suggest that one factor has greater merit. related, for example, to the identified consequences. For example, economic reasons forced the Scots out of much of the Highlands. They moved to the lowlands, North America and Australia in the late 18th century and 19th century because of enclosures and increases in sheep farming. Economic motives have been behind movements of peoples throughout history. Whilst curiosity and admiration for Britain contributed to many migrants coming to Britain from the West Indies after the Second World War, there was a strong economic motive because of the chance of work in For example, religion has been a factor in causing migration to and from Britain. The Pilgrims moved away from Britain to North America so that they could practise their religion freely. People, like the French Huguenots moved to Britain in the 17th century as they were Protestants and felt unsafe and unable to practise their religion in France. For example, religion explained the movement of the Pilgrims away from Britain to North America and economic changes lay behind rural to urban migration in the late 18th century as the Industrial Revolution began. But political factors affected the Ugandan Asians who were forcibly ejected and had nowhere to come but Britain. For example, religion was a reason for migration because the French Huguenots were Protestants who felt threatened and so moved to Britain. Students may provide a basic explanation of a different factor, such as people from the West Indies moved to Britain in the 20th century to get better jobs and earn more money. • The learner’s achievement in SPaG does not reach the threshold