Paper 2 Section A/C: Britain: Migration, empires and the people:

June 2022

Q1: How useful is Source A to an historian studying emigration from Britain in the

nineteenth century? Explain your answer using Source A and your contextual knowledge.

Answer:

In analysing and evaluating sources, students will draw on their contextual example, the context of the time in which source was created, place, author’s For example, the cartoon is useful because it shows that in a humorous magazine there was criticism of emigration propaganda and the way that emigration was often portrayed simply as bad and good but the humour is in the starkness of the contrast. Emigration was seen as an easy fix at the time for the problems of large numbers of poor people in Britain. The reality was never as simple as on the surface as this cartoon seems to show. enquiry point and the broader context of the thematic. This may evaluate utility For example, it is useful because it shows that many people saw emigration from Britain to colonies abroad as a solution to the problems of life for poor people in this country. The cartoonist says it was ‘a remedy’ and contrasts the misery of the family in Britain with the potential for a life abroad. For example, it is useful because it shows that there was a better life abroad because they would have plenty to eat. If they emigrated from Britain they would be happier. Answers may show understanding/support for the source, but the case is made by assertion/basic inference For example, it is useful because it shows that that they look miserable and hungry ‘here’, and they are all busy eating round the table ‘there’.

Q2: Explain the significance of the ‘Angevin’ Empire.

Answer:

explaining the relationship between aspects of significance, for example over For example, the significance of the Angevin Empire was not in its assembling by Henry II but in its loss by King John, it gave a big boost to the creation of an English national identity. King John inherited an England that was financially exhausted by 1199 and then made bad decisions and ran out of money. He alienated the barons by 1215 because he failed to keep to Magna Carta and the barons turned to Prince Louis of France to help them in 1216. However, by 1217 with King John dead, the English rallied round the young Henry III against Louis who was seen as a foreign invader. For example, the significance of the Angevin Empire was that it was not really an empire that had similar laws and government throughout it. It was a personal empire. Henry II had to spend a lot of time personally appearing in order to keep control of it. It is thought that he crossed the channel 30 times in his 35-year reign and was admired by Louis VII, the French king, when he said Henry, ‘must fly rather than travel by horse or ship’. For example, the Angevin Empire was significant because it easily disintegrated after Henry II. King John attempted to defend the Angevin empire, and fund the defence through the high taxes which he imposed on the barons which upset them and eventually led to Magna Carta. From having a large empire under his father, King John quickly lost Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, and Maine by 1214. For example, the significance of the Angevin Empire was the way that Henry II assembled it through negotiation, fighting, and marriage. He inherited Normandy and Anjou, he gained Aquitaine by marrying Eleanor, and Ireland through conquest and negotiation. For example, the Angevin Empire was a massive empire that spread from England, Ireland, and all down the west coast of France to the Spanish border.

Q3: Explain two ways in which John Hawkins and Cecil Rhodes were similar.

Answer:

For example, both Hawkins and Rhodes believed in the expansion of the British Empire. They both thought that they were superior to Africans, Rhodes treated Africans as second-class citizens when he became Prime Minister of the Cape Colony in 1890, and Hawkins made money from selling Africans as slaves to Plantation owners in America. For example, they are similar because they both used violence to get what they wanted. Rhodes wanted to get control of the mining business and was behind the failed Jameson Raid in 1895 which led to the Boer War in 1899. Hawkins attacked Spanish colonies and ships in the Caribbean acting as a pirate, stealing their cargo. For example, they are similar because both were supported and encouraged by the government at the time. Queen Elizabeth approved of and invested in Hawkins’ privateering in the Caribbean against the Spanish, and Cecil Rhodes had the support of the British government against the Boers in 1899. for example, one of the identified similarities. For example, they are similar because they both wanted to take gold, silver and jewels. Rhodes wanted the diamond mines in South Africa and Hawkins wanted the gold and silver of the Spanish in South America. For example, both Hawkins and Rhodes made money abroad.

Q4: Have economic factors been the main reason for people moving to Britain?

Explain your answer with reference to economic and other factors. Use a range of examples from across your study of Migration, empires and the people: c790 to the present day. and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the CopyrightTeam.

No answer found in mark scheme.