Paper 1 Section B/A: Conflict and tension: the First World War,

June 2023

Q1: Source A supports the view that Germany was a defeated country. How do you

know? Explain your answer using Source A and your contextual knowledge. Study Sources B and C in the Sources Booklet.

Answer:

features of the source. For example, the cartoon was produced when Germany had been defeated and the armistice was signed. Foch met the German representative in a railway carriage in Northern France. Germany had no option but to accept the terms shown in the cartoon, which included making payments to the allies for For example, the cartoon shows that Germany was unable to fight any more.

Q2: How useful are Sources B and C to an historian studying the war at sea?

Explain your answer using Sources B and C and your contextual knowledge.

Answer:

In analysing and evaluating sources, students will draw on their contextual example, the context of the time in which source was created, place, author’s evaluate the relationship between the sources based on analysis of For example, the sources are useful because they show the importance of the war at sea. Source B shows that Germany believed the war at sea was a vital part of gaining victory over Britain even if it risked causing the entry of the USA. The U-boat campaign was so successful that by April 1917, Britain’s food supply was critically low. For example, Source B is useful for understanding the impact of the British tactic of blockade during the war at sea. At the start of the First World War, British ships cut off the supply route of the North Sea in an attempt to force Germany into surrender. This affected German industry and agriculture because it prevented the importing of coal, oil and fertilisers. Source C shows how America was preparing its navy to join the war at sea by recruiting more sailors in 1917. For example, Source C is useful because it shows that the American government tried to motivate men to join the navy and fight in the war at sea. America wanted to get revenge for the death of American citizens who drowned when the passenger ship, Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boat. The source presents Germany as a murderous pirate to suggest that their actions are not an acceptable part of warfare. Source B says that Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare in the war at sea. This was a policy to sink all ships sailing to Britain. For example, Source B says that Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare in the war at sea which was a policy to sink all ships sailing to Britain. Britain used a convoy system to protect its supply ships. The provenance of Source C shows that the Americans increased the size of their navy by recruiting sailors during the First World War. to the enquiry point, for example, Source B says that the Germans wanted to sink the ships that brought food to Source C shows that Germany killed children during the war at sea.

Q3: Write an account of how the entry of America had an impact on the First World War.

Answer:

with complex sequencing and reasoning supported by a range of accurate and example, to an analysis of how/why tension increased at different stages and /or showing understanding about how much each part of the sequence increased tension and led to a crisis. For example, the entry of the USA had an impact on the First World War on two levels. It was of psychological benefit to the Allies even before physical reinforcements arrived from America because it compensated for the withdrawal of Russia. This was an important boost to morale amongst the Allied armies as well as being damaging to the morale of the German army. developed sequencing and reasoning supported by a range of accurate factual analysis of how/why tension increased at one stage in the process. For example, the entry of the USA strengthened the Allies’ fighting ability and supported the ‘Hundred Days’. With access to new military equipment and over 1,000,000 US troops, Foch was able to attack along the entire length of the Western Front. The Germans were pushed back to the Hindenburg Line of For example, the Allies were able to stop the Ludendorff Offensive. In 1918 the German army had advanced far enough into France to fire shells at Paris. Thousands of extra soldiers joined the war to fight with Britain against should demonstrate their ability to construct and develop a sustained line of reasoning which is coherent, relevant, substantiated and logically structured.

Q4: ‘The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the main reason for the start of

the First World War.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [SPaG 4 marks] and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team.

Answer:

explanation of the relationship between causes supported by detailed factual For example, the assassination was the main reason for the start of the First World War because it triggered the other reasons that included longer term factors and other countries. There had been rivalry between the European powers since the 19th century and a series of war plans had been created such as Germany’s Schlieffen Plan. These plans had kept the entire continent poised for war and the assassination brought the plans into action. For example, the assassination was the main reason for the start of the First World War because when Austria declared was on Serbia, Russia mobilised in order to support Serbia. In response, Germany mobilised and declared war on Russia. This escalated a problem that existed within the Austrian Empire into a war that involved the whole of Europe. Another reason for the start of the First World War was the rivalry that existed between major European powers over influence in Morocco. Britain, France and Russia had supported each other against Germany gaining influence in Morocco in 1906 and 1911. They formed an alliance against Germany called the Triple Entente. For example, the arms race was a main reason for the start of the First World War. The powers of Europe spent increasing amounts of money creating bigger armies. Germany and Britain competed against each other to have the strongest navy with the most Dreadnoughts. Franz Ferdinand was killed by the Black Hand group. Alliance system brought all the major countries of Europe into the First World War. • The learner’s achievement in SPaG does not reach the threshold